Penetration Testing Complete Tools List. List of all available tools for penetration testing. Tool count: 1. 86.
How to Crack Mifare Classic Cards. In this blog post I will cover some quick basics about NFC, Mifare Classic and how to set up everything for reading and writing a NFC tag. At the end I show you how to reprogram a vending machine’s NFC tag to contain more credits. NFC stands for Near Field Communication and is used to communicate over short distances.
Risky Business is a weekly information security podcast featuring news and in-depth interviews with industry luminaries. Launched in February 2007, Risky Business is. Flamingo for Twitter Download Flamingo for Twitter From Googleplay Flamingo is a bright and colourful Twitter client, which a simple and greatly customisable interface. Le présent cours est destiné à des fins pédagogiques. Ses lecteurs s'engagent à ne pas utiliser les informations qu'il contient à des fins illicites. What can it read or write? A London Transport Oyster card is based on a MIFARE® Standard card, so if you already have an Oyster card you have something you can play. The world's largest RFID tag showcase helps you find the RFID tags that meet your requirements.
For more Infos on NFC you can read the Wikipedia article. NFC nowadays is used for access cards, public transport, some more and in this case: Vending Machines.
Basically there is an active NFC enabled device (the reader) and a passive device (the tag). The active device scans for the passive one and establishes a connection on contact. It also powers the passive device via an electromagnetic field. There is also an active - active mode where both endpoints can send data and need to be powered seperately. This is usually used when sending data for example in “Android Beam”.
Searching for an electronic component? Simultaneously query distributors, and returns the responses in real time. Many corporations now use RFID cards, or badges, in place of physical keys. It’s not hard to. Transportation in Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada has many of the features of modern cities worldwide. Unlike many large metropolises, Vancouver has no freeways. In this blog post I will cover some quick basics about NFC, Mifare Classic and how to set up everything for reading and writing a NFC tag. At the end I show you how.
In this example the vending machine has an active NFC reader built in. You can touch it with your tag to buy some drinks and the corresponding price is subtracted from the ammount stored on the tag. You can also recharge your tag via the machine if you run out of credits. The NFC tag I analyzed is a so called “Mifare Classic 1k” tag.
MotoGp: 'pazzesco' Dovizioso, a Misano per il trisMotoGp, Dovizioso trionfa a Silverstone e torna in testa al mondiale.
There are also other types like the “Mifare Classic 4k” and the “Mifare Mini” each having a different memory size. Mifare Classic in general is stated insecure, because it’s encryption protocol has been cracked. Each of these sectors has 3 blocks of data storage and 1 block for storing the secret access keys and access controls.
Each block contains 1. Each sector has two keys: Key A and Key B. Each of the 1. 6 sectors can define it’s own access right and wich key is needed for a particular action. As an example you can define to use Key A for reading the block and Key B for writing to it. This section is only writeable on some special chinese tags. Here is a basically memory layout of a Mifare Classic tag: (taken from the Mifare Datasheet, link see below)More about Mifare in general can be found on Wikipedia.
For more information on Mifare 1k Tags, the memory layout and more details you can visit these pages: http: //www. These items can be purchased from various online shops around the world. For connection instructions on the Raspberry Pi please refer to https: //learn. Important notice: NFC and the used attack depend a lot on timing.
Connecting a NFC device to a VM running linux will not work reliable because the drivers mess with this timing. I spent a lot of time finding this out, so please boot into a linux live cd for the following example or use a Raspberry Pi. Here are the basics to set your machine up for getting the access keys. The first step is to set up libnfc so the OS can communicate with the NFC reader. You can get the latest libnfc version from https: //github. At the time of writing the current version was 1.
When using the USB TTL cable issue the following command: sudo cp contrib/libnfc/pn. You can overwrite the Kali installation with the setup from above. After installing we need to test the communication to the NFC- reader. Connect your NFC device and run the following commandnfc- list. USB- UART Cable)# nfc- list. NFC device: pn. 53. We will use the tool “mfoc - Mifare Classic Offline Cracker” available from https: //github.
Kali linux has it already installed. If you are not on KALI or you want the latest version of mfoc you need to compile it on your own by executing the following commands. O mfoc- master. zip https: //github. To start the key cracking connect your reader, place the tag on the antenna and runmfoc - O output. This command first looks for some default keys used by many Miface Classic tags and then tries to crack the missing keys.
On my sample tag the whole procedure was done in under one minute. If the tool outputs “Maybe you should increase the number of probes”, the cracking was not successful. I got this message when running in a VMWare environment or by using crappy hardware. Switching to the Adafruit breakout board and a dedicated linux solved the problem for me. If you manage to crack all the keys you can see the HEX encoded contents of the key on your terminal and also in the output file output. O output. mfd. Found Mifare Classic 1k tag. ISO/IEC 1. 44. 43.
A (1. 06 kbps) target. ATQA (SENS. If you view the output. C output. mfd. 0. Here is an example of one sector: 3x. Block 0 . The value 6. Mifare Classic Datasheet for more information). The next step is to locate the credits on the tag.
The vending machine shows you the credits left on the tag when holding it to reader. So the tag currently contains exactly 3,4. So lets first search for the Hex value of 4.
Nothing found. Next we try to convert our 3,4. The credits are located in sector 1.
Block 0 . I always subtracted my test buyings from the initial ammount. If you use this findings to get free drinks, this may have legal consequences for you so please do not abuse it.
To reprogram the tag I used the android app “Mifare Classic Tool” available under https: //play. Mifare. Classic. Tool. For example my old Samsung Galaxy S3 can read and write the tag, on my Nexus 5 it’s not supported. You can find a list of supported and unsupported devices on the homepage https: //github. Mifare. Classic. Tool/.
Just create a new key file and insert your keys one per line. Using the write option you can write exactly one block back to the tag, or reflash a complete memory dump. Be careful when writing a direct block because if you overwrite the last block of a sector (the one containg the keys), your tag will be irreversible damaged. I did this to mine because I didn’t notice the block numbers start at 0. So you can also create a full memory dump of your tag and when you have no credits left, reflash the old image and your credits will be reset.
Another method is to reflash the captured output of mfoc via nfc- mfclassic: # nfc- mfclassic w B output. NFC reader: pn. 53.
It seems like the vending machine calculates the keys based on the tags unique UID or something else to add an extra layer of security. So far I have not managed to crack the scheme.
If you manage to derive the key from the captures below please contact me so I can verify it with other tags. I put some dumps here for download if you want to investigate the key derivation scheme: Tag 1.
RFIDIOt. org - RFID IO tools. News. October 2. 01.
Migrated source code to https: //github. Adam. Laurie/RFIDIOt.
Now, should you be vaguely interested. Even better, if you have updates you want to. Sweet! I will follow my usual practice of 'commit early, commit often', so. I'm working on something, expect daily updates.. Speaking of. which, I finally got around to bringing lib.
NFC support up to date, so. September 2. 01. 1: Added Throwing Star LAN Tap to shop. Another cool Michael Ossmann project! March 2. 01. 1: Added ubertooth- one to shop. This is an open source.
GHz wireless development platform suitable for. Bluetooth experimentation, designed by Michael Ossmann. This is very cool..
It brings. hardware that is normally in the realms of thousands of pounds down. You can build it yourself from the plans on. I hope to receive them. February 2. 00. 9: Finally got around to writing some more detailed documentation. NXP PN5. 32 chips to run in emulator mode. Documentation to. NXP under NDA, but they have now given me.
I'm able to. release two new tools: pn. Additionally, you can seperate the reader and.
TCP. I've also added a tool for reading HID Prox. Card IDs. January 2. January 2. 00. 9: RANDOM. See Hardware section for. January 2. 00. 9: version 0. JAVA applet for JCOP. November 2. 00. 8: version 0.
JCOP Mifare. emulation. Also, IAIK Demo. Tag 1. MHz emulators. now available. October 2. 00. 8: version 0. JCOP Machine. Readable Travel Documents (von. Jeek. emulator and JMRTD - A.
Free Implementation of Machine. Readable Travel Documents). April 2. 00. 8: Windows distribution of RFIDIOt now available! See download section for where to get it. February 2. 00. 8 - 'Ch.
AP. py' released.. April 2. 00. 8 - version 0. Run 'Ch. AP. py - h' for features.
Each reader presents it's own virtual. O/S via a single USB connection, so can still. See the hardware. Also, following a re- design, the USB version of the ACG HF Multi- ISO is. This one stands for . However, python rocks, so.
What does. it do? Frosch Hitag reader/writers. There's no reason it couldn't. I got my hands on, and since they present themselves to the O/S as. Technical Note section.
I've had some issues recently). I have written some example.
MIFARE. It is. far from complete but I thought I'd follow the . I am curently testing with a. Card. Man 5. 32. 1. Hardware. I get lots of emails asking where to buy readers/writers, so if you are. RFIDIOt custom built kit and other items I use for.
These are RFIDIOt compatible read/write devices (where. All prices exclude VAT and delivery which will be calculated at. If you are outside the UK, please add . All. will be sent via UK. Post Office tracked services.
Standard. Reader / Writers. Type. Frequency. Interface. Supported. Tag Types. Image. Price. Purchase. ACG HF Serial. 13. MHz. Serial RS2. 32. ISO 1. 44. 43 A/B, ISO 1.
ISO 1. 80. 00- 3, NFC, I- CODE? The sample program bruteforce. Odds like that don't stop people playing the.
Sample)Sharp BASK GTML2. ISOTOSMART P0. 32/P0. In addition to these, the Multi ISO will also handle ISO 1. ISO. 1. 80. 00- 3, NFC enabled, ICODE standards, specifically: I- CODE SLI (SL2 ICS 2. I- CODE EPC (SL2 ICS 1. I- CODE UID (SL2 ICS 1. I- CODE NFC (Reader To Tag Mode)SLE 5.
Rxx. SRF5. 5Vxx. P+SSLE 6. CL1. 60. SSLE 6. 6CLX3. PSR1. 76. SRIX4. KLRI 6. LRI 5. 12. EM4. 13. KSW Temp Sens . My contact details are at.
You can mail me at: adam (at). Gallery. EM 4x. 05. Veri. Chip. EM 4x. EM 4x. 02. Trovan/Unique. Q5. Hitag. 2Mifare 1.
KMifare 4. KMifare Ultralight. ISO 1. 44. 43 (e- Passport)ISO 1.
The EM4x. 05 range implement. ISO- 1. 17. 84 'Radio- frequency. Code structure' and ISO- 1. Radio- frequency identification. Technical concept' (also known as FDX- B). Note that the. Application Identifier is out of spec according to ISO- 1. RFIDIOt v. 0. 1g)reader: LFX 1.
Card ID: 0. 65. 1A6. EA6. 6F0. 32. 9Tag type: EM 4x. ISO FDX- B)Application Identifier: 9. Country Code: 9. 85 (MANUF: Destron Fearing / Digital Angel Corporation)National ID: 2.
This is Henry. implant, which he had done for a TV. Documentary. Note that this time. ISO- 3. 16. 6 and icar. RFIDIOt v. 0. 1g)reader: LFX 1. Card ID: 7. 7E5. 00. FF0. 00. 1Tag type: EM 4x. ISO FDX- B)Application Identifier: 8.
Country Code: 1. 02. UNREGISTERED MANUF: Veri. Chip Corporation)National ID: 4. This is an EM. 4x. Verbier, circa 1. It can be read with the readlfx. RFIDIOt v. 0. 1b).
LFX 1. 0 (serial no: 0. Card ID: TDE2. A3. F0. 0. sector 0. 1: 0. A1. F0. 00. 0. sector 0. A. sector 0. 5: 0.
CABE. sector 1b: CCCC7. C1. 9. sector 1c: E3. E7. 70. 80. sector 1d: B1. A6. 51. 99. sector 1e: 8. AFB9. sector 1f: E2. F6. 5. sector 2. 0: DE2. A3. F0. 0. sector 2.
B. sector 2. 2: Read error: REM H4. TAG: The ID can be read using cardselect. RFIDIOt v. 0. 1b) reader. LFX 1. 0 (serial no: 0. Card ID. U2. 00. 8BCFAF8.
These are also sold by. Trovan under the brand name 'Unique'. ID can be decoded with readlfx. RFIDIOt v. 0. 1f)reader: LFX 1. Card ID: 2. 00. 8BCFAF8. Tag type: EM 4x. 02.
Unique ID: 0. 41. Trovan also provide these as a 'Human Implantable' chip. At shmoocon. in March 2.
I sucessfully cloned a human with a 'Unique' implant and. Larry). Q5 or Hitag.
EM4x. 02 using. program (in fact, that is the Q5 default mode), and the ID can be set. Security. warning: if you have a security system, such as building.
ID of an EM4x. 02 type token, you may. Q5 programmed as a. Q5. The Q5 is a 'smart' tag, capable of emulating other. ID number. It does this by allowing specification.
By setting the right configuration and. UID. So. far I have implemented emulation of EM. Once programmed, a Q5 tag can be reverted to it's default mode with. ACG hardware). They come in a huge variety of form factors, so it's quite likely. Hitag. 2The Hitag.
Q5 in that it comes in a variety of. I have implemented emulation of EM. Once programmed, a Hitag. Frosch hardware).
The Renault Laguna 'key' appears to be a Hitag. Mifare. card: Contents can be read with readmifare. Note the login failure. RFIDIOt v. 0. 1d)reader: Dual 2. Card ID: 1. 47. 2F6.
FMIFARE data (keytype FF): Serial. FFManufacturer data.
C1. 1DB6. 49. 00. Keytype: FF Login OK. Data: 1. 47. 2F6.
FFF8. 80. 40. 04. C1. 1DB6. 49. 00. FF0. 78. 06. 9FFFFFFFFFFFFAccess Block User Data Byte: 6. Key A (non- readable): 0.
Key. B. FFFFFFFFFFFFAccess conditions. FF0. 78. 0MIFAREC1: 0. MIFAREC2: 0. MIFAREC3: 8. MIFAREblock. 0AC: 0.
Read: KEYA/B, Write: KEYA/B, Increment: KEYA/B. Decrement/Transfer/Restore: KEYA/B (transport configuration)MIFAREblock. AC: 0. 00. Read: KEYA/B, Write: KEYA/B, Increment: KEYA/B. Decrement/Transfer/Restore: KEYA/B (transport configuration)MIFAREblock. AC: 0. 00. Read: KEYA/B, Write: KEYA/B, Increment: KEYA/B.
Decrement/Transfer/Restore: KEYA/B (transport configuration)MIFAREblock. AC: 0. 01. Write Key.
A: KEYA, Read Access bits: KEYA, Write Access bits: KEYA, Read. Key. B: KEYA, Write Key. B: KEYA (KEYB readable, transport configuration) sector 0. Keytype: FF Login OK.
Data: 0. 00. 00. FF0. 78. 06. 9FFFFFFFFFFFFAccess Block User Data Byte: 6. Key A (non- readable): 0. Key. B. FFFFFFFFFFFFAccess conditions.
FF0. 78. 0MIFAREC1: 0. MIFAREC2: 0. MIFAREC3: 8.
MIFAREblock. 0AC: 0. Read: KEYA/B, Write: KEYA/B, Increment: KEYA/B. Decrement/Transfer/Restore: KEYA/B (transport configuration)MIFAREblock. AC: 0. 00. Read: KEYA/B, Write: KEYA/B, Increment: KEYA/B.
Decrement/Transfer/Restore: KEYA/B (transport configuration)MIFAREblock. AC: 0. 00. Read: KEYA/B, Write: KEYA/B, Increment: KEYA/B.
Decrement/Transfer/Restore: KEYA/B (transport configuration)MIFAREblock. AC: 0. 01. Write Key. A: KEYA, Read Access bits: KEYA, Write Access bits: KEYA, Read. Key. B: KEYA, Write Key. B: KEYA (KEYB readable, transport configuration) sector 0.
Keytype: FF Login OK. Data: 0. 00. 00. FF0. 78. 06. 9FFFFFFFFFFFFAccess Block User Data Byte: 6. Key A (non- readable): 0. Key. B. FFFFFFFFFFFFAccess conditions.
FF0. 78. 0MIFAREC1: 0. MIFAREC2: 0. MIFAREC3: 8. MIFAREblock. 0AC: 0. Read: KEYA/B, Write: KEYA/B, Increment: KEYA/B.
Decrement/Transfer/Restore: KEYA/B (transport configuration)MIFAREblock. AC: 0. 00. Read: KEYA/B, Write: KEYA/B, Increment: KEYA/B. Decrement/Transfer/Restore: KEYA/B (transport configuration)MIFAREblock. AC: 0. 00. Read: KEYA/B, Write: KEYA/B, Increment: KEYA/B.
Decrement/Transfer/Restore: KEYA/B (transport configuration)MIFAREblock. AC: 0. 01. Write Key. A: KEYA, Read Access bits: KEYA, Write Access bits: KEYA, Read.
Key. B: KEYA, Write Key. B: KEYA (KEYB readable, transport configuration) sector 0. Keytype: FF Login OK. Data: 0. 00. 00. FF0. 78. 06. 9FFFFFFFFFFFFAccess Block User Data Byte: 6.
Key A (non- readable): 0. Key. B. FFFFFFFFFFFFAccess conditions. FF0. 78. 0MIFAREC1: 0. MIFAREC2: 0.
MIFAREC3: 8. MIFAREblock. 0AC: 0.
Read: KEYA/B, Write: KEYA/B, Increment: KEYA/B. Decrement/Transfer/Restore: KEYA/B (transport configuration)MIFAREblock. AC: 0. 00. Read: KEYA/B, Write: KEYA/B, Increment: KEYA/B.
Keytype: FF Login OK. Data: 0. 00. 00. FF0. 78. 06. 9FFFFFFFFFFFFAccess Block User Data Byte: 6.
Key A (non- readable): 0. Key. B. FFFFFFFFFFFFAccess conditions. FF0. 78. 0MIFAREC1: 0.
MIFAREC2: 0. MIFAREC3: 8.
Decrement/Transfer/Restore: KEYA/B (transport configuration)MIFAREblock. AC: 0. 00. Read: KEYA/B, Write: KEYA/B, Increment: KEYA/B. Decrement/Transfer/Restore: KEYA/B (transport configuration)MIFAREblock. AC: 0. 01. Write Key. A: KEYA, Read Access bits: KEYA, Write Access bits: KEYA, Read. Key. B: KEYA, Write Key. B: KEYA (KEYB readable, transport configuration) sector 0.
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